The native language of a computer is binary—ones and zeros—and all instructions and data must be provided to it in this form. Native binary code is called machine language. The earliest digital electronic computers were programmed directly in binary, typically via punched cards, plug-boards, or front-panel switches. Later, with the advent of terminals with keyboards and monitors, such programs were written as sequences of hexadecimal numbers, where each hexadecimal digit represents a four binary digit sequence. Developing correct programs in machine language is tedious and complex, and practical only for very small programs.
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